Publications
Papers and archived software releases, each with a DOI that resolves whether or not this site is still here. Everything below is open access. Nothing below is behind a request form.
All four records are authored by Manish Jagdish Thatte, ORCID 0009-0003-8050-1242. An independent researcher has no institutional page to be found through, so the iD is what makes the same name on Zenodo, here and in any future index one person rather than several.
Peer-Readable, Permanently Identified
Three != Two: A Complete Balanced Ternary Software Stack
The evaluation the software release was missing. Every shipped program is compiled through one front end to two independent back ends — LLVM IR and the 27-trit T3ISA — and the outputs compared byte for byte: 18 of 20 identical, the two divergences characterised exactly with reproduction included. On the ternary target the same source compiles to 1.6–2.2× fewer assembly lines, and 7–9 % of executed instructions have no single-instruction binary equivalent.
Section 7.3 is the part worth reading: two defects the cross-backend comparison caught that a 313-test suite had been green over, one of them a silent saturation whose golden file recorded the wrong answer as expected output. A test suite cannot find a defect its own expected outputs encode.
The paper claims nothing about speed or efficiency, and says so more than once — no ternary hardware was used, and the emulator's timings measure interpretation overhead.
Photonic Balanced Ternary Computing: A Perspective on the Post-CMOS Paradigm
The architectural case: why a three-state device is worth building at all, what balanced ternary buys once you have one, and where that sits among the post-CMOS directions currently being explored. The companion to the software paper — this one sets out the architecture, that one reports what was built on it.
Archived Releases
maniTC v0.1.0 — the ManiT language and compiler
Two back ends, a cycle-accurate ternary emulator, a trit-level debugger, a twelve-module standard library and a language server. The repository, commit history included, is also preserved by Software Heritage. Details and build instructions: open source.
doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21894912 · github.com/manishthatte/maniTC
thatteOS v0.1.0 — a balanced ternary microkernel
Written entirely in ManiT: scheduler, processes, three-ring privilege held in one trit, trit-addressed virtual memory, a ternary file system, three IPC mechanisms, capability-based security and thirteen userspace programs. Also preserved by Software Heritage.
doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21894914 · github.com/manishthatte/thatteOS
How to Cite
Cite the DOI rather than a URL — it resolves independently of this site, of GitHub, and of whatever replaces either. BibTeX for all four records:
@misc{thatte2026threenottwo,
author = {Thatte, Manish Jagdish},
title = {Three != Two: A Complete Balanced Ternary Software Stack},
year = {2026},
publisher = {Zenodo},
doi = {10.5281/zenodo.21894460},
url = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21894460}
}
@misc{thatte2026photonicperspective,
author = {Thatte, Manish Jagdish},
title = {Photonic Balanced Ternary Computing: A Perspective on the
Post-CMOS Paradigm},
year = {2026},
publisher = {Zenodo},
doi = {10.5281/zenodo.21895245},
url = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21895245}
}
@software{thatte2026manitc,
author = {Thatte, Manish Jagdish},
title = {maniTC: the ManiT language and compiler},
version = {v0.1.0},
year = {2026},
publisher = {Zenodo},
doi = {10.5281/zenodo.21894912},
url = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21894912}
}
@software{thatte2026thatteos,
author = {Thatte, Manish Jagdish},
title = {thatteOS: a balanced ternary microkernel operating system},
version = {v0.1.0},
year = {2026},
publisher = {Zenodo},
doi = {10.5281/zenodo.21894914},
url = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21894914}
}
The twelve patent specifications are a separate record and are not cited as publications: they are filings with the Indian Patent Office, listed on patents, with architecture public and parameters shared under mutual NDA.
Full Technical Brief Available Under NDA
Simulation data, quantum transport results, fabrication specifications, and complete patent claims are shared under mutual NDA only.
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